Testing the evolutionary theory of ageing: from genes to populations

MAKLAKOV_UBIO25ARIES

Testing the evolutionary theory of ageing: from genes to populations

MAKLAKOV_UBIO25ARIES

Project Description

Supervisors

Professor Alexei Maklakov, Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia – contact me

Professor Tracey Chapman, UEA BIO

Professor Simone Immler, UEA BIO

 

Scientific background

Why do organisms age? Classical resource allocation-based theory of ageing – the so-called ‘disposable soma’ (DST) – has been challenged by empirical studies and can no longer fully account for the experimental observations. Emerging new theory – the developmental theory of ageing (DTA) – argues that ageing results from suboptimal gene expression in adulthood due to declining selection in late-life (‘selection shadow’), without a need for resource allocation. The DTA follows from a simple observation that the physiological needs of an organism change with age leading to selection on age-specific gene expression.

While age-specific gene expression is well-documented, the DTA maintains that “selection shadow” will result in less optimised gene expression in adulthood, because the force of selection is maximal during development and declines gradually after the onset of reproduction. The decline in the force of natural selection is predicted to lead to either higher than optimal for fitness (‘hyperfunction’) or lower than optimal for fitness (‘hypofunction’) gene expression with advancing age.

The DTA makes a unique prediction that it is possible to modify gene expression in adulthood to slow down senescence and increase fitness.

Research methodology

You will use novel methodology developed in our lab to test emerging new evolutionary theory of ageing in a classical model – Caenorhabditis nematodes. The project uniquely combines molecular genetics with evolutionary ecology approach and will focus on a broad range of different ‘wild’ Caenorhabditis species beyond the traditional C. elegans model. You will test the role of age-specific gene expression in the evolution and expression of ageing in laboratory microcosms and in natural environments.

Training

You will gain a wide range of skills in experimental design, statistical analyses, coding, scientific writing, presentational skills, evolutionary theory, and molecular biology techniques. You will receive multi-disciplinary training in evolutionary ecology/biology and in bio-gerontology, thereby increasing opportunities for employability after the PhD. You will participate in career-enhancing external training courses and in-house research discussion groups and journal clubs.

Person specification

We are looking for an enthusiastic and highly motivated individual with deep interest in one of the following fields of research: evolution, ecology, genetics.

References

  • Lemaître J-F, Moorad J, Gaillard J-M, Maklakov AA, Nussey DH (2024) A unified framework for evolutionary genetic and physiological theories of aging. PLoS Biology, 22 (2), e3002513
  • Maklakov AA and Chapman T (2019) Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function. Proc R Soc B, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1604
  • Carlsson H, Ivimey-Cook ER, Duxbury E, Edden N, Sales K, Maklakov AA (2021) Ageing as ‘early-life inertia’: disentangling life-history trade-offs along a lifetime of an individual. Evolution Letters, 5: 551-564
  • Maklakov AA and Immler S (2016) The expensive germline and the evolution of ageing. Current Biology, 26 (13): pp. R577-R586.
  • Lind MI, Mautz BS, Carlsson H, Hinas A, Gudmunds E, Maklakov AA (2024) Sex-specific growth and lifespan effects of germline removal in the dioecious nematode Caenorhabditis remanei. Aging Cell, https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14290

Key Information

  • This studentship has been shortlisted for funding under the UKRI NERC DLA funding scheme and will commence on 1 October 2025. The closing date for applications is 23:59 on 8th January 2025.
  • Successful candidates who meet UKRI’s eligibility criteria will be awarded a fully-funded studentship, which covers fees, maintenance stipend (£19,237 p.a. for 2024/25) and research funding. A limited number of studentships are available for international applicants, with the difference between 'home' and 'international' fees being waived by the registering university. Please note however that ARIES funding does not cover additional costs associated with relocation to, and living in, the UK, such as visa costs or the health surcharge.
  • ARIES postgradute researcher (PGRs) benefit from bespoke graduate training and ARIES provides £2,500 to every student for access to external training, travel and conferences, on top of all Research Costs associated with the project. Excellent applicants from quantitative disciplines with limited experience in environmental sciences may be considered for an additional 3-month stipend to take advanced-level courses.
  • ARIES is committed to equality, diversity, widening participation and inclusion in all areas of its operation. We encourage enquiries and applications from all sections of the community regardless of gender, ethnicity, disability, age, sexual orientation and transgender status. Academic qualifications are considered alongside non-academic experience, and our recruitment process considers potential with the same weighting as past experience.
  • All ARIES studentships may be undertaken on a part-time or full-time basis. International applicants should check whether there are any conditions of visa or imigration permission that preclude part-time study. All advertised project proposals have been developed with consideration of a safe, inclusive, and appropriate research and fieldwork environment with respect to protected characteristics. If you have any concerns please contact us.
  • For further information, please contact the supervisor. To apply for this Studentship follow the instructions at the bottom of the page or click the 'apply now' link.
  • ARIES is required by our funders to collect Equality and Diversity Information from all of our applicants. The information you provide will be used solely for monitoring and statistical purposes; it will remain confidential, and will be stored on the UEA sharepoint server. Data will not be shared with those involved in making decisions on the award of Studentships, and will have no influence on the success of your application. It will only be shared outside of this group in an anonymised and aggregated form. You will be ask to complete the form by the University to which you apply.
  • If funded under the BBSRC-NERC DLA scheme, ARIES studentships will be subject to UKRI terms and conditions. Postgraduate Researchers are expected to live within reasonable distance of their host organisation for the duration of their studentship. See https://www.ukri.org/publications/terms-and-conditions-for-training-funding/ for more information

Apply Now

Apply via the  University of East Anglia application portal