Project background
Scientific Background
Freshly fallen meteorites provide valuable information about the history and evolution of our Solar System. Their rapid recovery and our understanding on the impact of terrestrial alteration on their chemical signature are crucial for the preservation of the information on our Solar System, such as information on the emergence of life on Earth through the delivery of water and organic matter.
More than 60% of all ~80,000 meteorites collected on Earth were collected in Antarctica, where the stagnant ice flow and the lack of weathering in the cold, dry conditions can preserve meteorites for thousands of years. However, meteorite recovery is impacted by climate change – as a result of global warming, by 2050, a quarter of Antarctica meteorites will disappear by melting into the ice sheet (Tollenaar et al. 2024). This project will assess how climate change impact the chemical and organic preservation of meteorites.
Research Methodology
Overall, our aims are to (1) characterise mineralogical components in meteorite simulant; (2) expose a meteorite simulant to Antarctic conditions (average temperature increase and extreme events, flow of liquid water upon thawing, wet-dry cycles) projected for the next 50 years; (3) compare the mineralogical and organic content of the samples before and after alteration experiments; (4) train a student in these techniques.
We propose to image and characterise the samples using an unprepared chip pressed into pure indium, we will use Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Raman spectroscopy, to characterise the mineralogical and organic distribution.
Timeline:
Week 1: Literature review and laboratory training
Week 2: Alteration experiment on meteorite simulant
Week 3: SEM and data reduction
Week 4: Raman spectroscopy and data reduction
Week 5: Comparison to unaltered samples
Week 6: Writing up
Reference
Tollenaar V, Zekollari H, Kittel C, Farinotti D, Lhermitte S, Debaille V, Goderis S, Claeys P, Joy KH, Pattyn F. Antarctic meteorites threatened by climate warming. Nat Clim Chang. 2024; 14(4): 340-343. doi: 10.1038/s41558-024-01954-y. Epub 2024 Apr 8. PMID: 38617203; PMCID: PMC11006603.